The Descent of Man 31Sexual Selection in Relation to Man, and Conclusion · General a Summary and Conclusion (part 4)
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Literature · Science
The Descent of Man 31
Sexual Selection in Relation to Man, and Conclusion · General a Summary and Conclusion (part 4)
DarwinEnglish
Larynx, muscles of the, in songbirds.
Lasiocampa quercus, attraction of males by the female; sexual difference of colour in.
Latham, R.G., on the migrations of man.
Latooka, perforation of the lower lip by the women of.
Laurillard, on the abnormal division of the malar bone in man.
Lawrence, W., on the superiority of savages to Europeans in power of sight; on the colour of negro infants; on the fondness of savages for ornaments; on beardless races; on the beauty of the English aristocracy.
Layard, E.L., on the instance of rationality in a cobra; on the pugnacity of Gallus Stanleyi.
Laycock, Dr., on vital periodicity; theroid nature of idiots.
Leaves, autumn, tints useless.
Lecky, Mr., on the sense of duty; on suicide; on the practice of celibacy; his view of the crimes of savages; on the gradual rise of morality.
Leconte, J.L., on the stridulant organ in the Coprini and Dynastini.
Lee, H., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in the trout.
Leg, calf of the, artificially modified.
Legitimate and illegitimate children, proportion of the sexes in.
Legs, variation of the length of the, in man; proportions of, in soldiers and sailors; front, atrophied in some male butterflies; peculiarities of, in male insects.
Leguay, on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man.
Lek of the black-cock and capercailzie.
Lemoine, Albert, on the origin of language.
Lemur macaco, sexual difference of colour in.
Lemuridae, ears of the; variability of the muscles in the; position and derivation of the; their origin.
Lemurs, uterus in the.
Lenguas, disfigurement of the ears of the.
Leopards, black.
Lepidoptera, numerical proportions of the sexes in the; colouring of; ocellated spots of.
Lepidosiren.
Leptalides, mimicry of.
Leptorhynchus angustatus, pugnacity of male.
Leptura testacea, difference of colour in the sexes.
Leroy, on the wariness of young foxes in hunting-districts; on the desertion of their young by swallows.
Leslie, D., marriage customs of Kaffirs.
Lesse, valley of the.
Lesson, on the birds of paradise; on the sea-elephant.
Lessona, M., observations on Serranus.
Lethrus cephalotes, pugnacity of the males of.
Leuciscus phoxinus.
Leuckart, R., on the vesicula prostatica; on the influence of the age of parents on the sex of offspring.
Levator claviculae muscle.
Libellula depressa, colour of the male.
Libellulidae, relative size of the sexes of; difference in the sexes of.
Lice of domestic animals and man.
Licentiousness a check upon population; prevalence of, among savages.
Lichtenstein, on Chera progne.
Life, inheritance at corresponding periods of.
Light, effects on complexion; influence of, upon the colours of shells.
Lilford, Lord, the ruff attracted by bright objects.
Limosa lapponica.
Linaria.
Linaria montana.
Lindsay, Dr. W.L., diseases communicated from animals to man; madness in animals; the dog considers his master his God.
Linnaeus, views of, as to the position of man.
Linnet, numerical proportion of the sexes in the; crimson forehead and breast of the; courtship of the.
Lion, polygamous; mane of the, defensive; roaring of the.
Lions, stripes of young.
Lips, piercing of the, by savages.
Lithobius, prehensile appendages of the female.
Lithosia, coloration in.
Littorina littorea.
Livingstone, Dr., manner of sitting of gorilla; on the influence of dampness and dryness on the colour of the skin; on the liability of negroes to tropical fevers after residence in a cold climate; on the spur-winged goose; on weaverbirds; on an African night-jar; on the battle-scars of South African male mammals; on the removal of the upper incisors by the Batokas; on the perforation of the upper lip by the Makalolo; on the Banyai.
Livonia, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Lizards, relative size of the sexes of; gular pouches of.
Lloyd, L., on the polygamy of the capercailzie and bustard; on the numerical proportion of the sexes in the capercailzie and blackcock; on the salmon; on the colours of the sea-scorpion; on the pugnacity of male grouse; on the capercailzie and blackcock; on the call of the capercailzie; on assemblages of grouse and snipes; on the pairing of a shield-drake with a common duck; on the battles of seals; on the elk.
Lobivanellus, wing-spurs in.
Local influences, effect of, upon stature.
Lockwood, Mr., on the development of Hippocampus.
Lockwood, Rev. S., musical mouse.
Locust, bright-coloured, rejected by lizards and birds.
Locust, migratory; selection by female.
Locustidae, stridulation of the; descent of the.
Locusts, proportion of sexes in; stridulation of.
Longicorn beetles, difference of the sexes of, in colour; stridulation of.
Lonsdale, Mr., on an example of personal attachment in Helix pomatia.
Lophobranchii, marsupial receptacles of the male.
Lophophorus, habits of.
Lophorina atra, sexual difference in coloration of.
Lophornis ornatus.
Lord, J.K., on Salmo lycaodon.
Lory, King; immature plumage of the.
Lory, King, constancy of.
Love-antics and dances of birds.
Lowne, B.T., on Musca vomitoria.
Loxia, characters of young of.
Lubbock, Sir J., on the antiquity of man; on the origin of man; on the mental capacity of savages; on the origin of implements; on the simplification of languages; on the absence of the idea of God among certain races of men; on the origin of the belief in spiritual agencies; on superstitions; on the sense of duty; on the practice of burying the old and sick among the Fijians; on the immorality of savages; on Mr. Wallace’s claim to the origination of the idea of natural selection; on the former barbarism of civilised nations; on improvements in the arts among savages; on resemblances of the mental characters in different races of men; on the arts practised by savages; on the power of counting in primeval man; on the prehensile organs of the male Labidocera Darwinii; on Chloeon; on Smynthurus luteus; finding of new mates by jays; on strife for women among the North American Indians; on music; on the ornamental practices of savages; on the estimation of the beard among the Anglo-Saxons; on artificial deformation of the skull; on “communal marriages;” on exogamy; on the Veddahs; on polyandry.
Lucanidae, variability of the mandibles in the male.
Lucanus, large size of males of.
Lucanus cervus, numerical proportion of sexes of; weapons of the male.
Lucanus elaphus, use of mandibles of; large jaws of male.
Lucas, Prosper, on pigeons; on sexual preference in horses and bulls.
Luminosity in insects.
Lunar periods.
Lund, Dr., on skulls found in Brazilian caves.
Lungs, enlargement of, in the Quichua and Aymara Indians; a modified swim-bladder; different capacity of, in races of man.
Luschka, Prof., on the termination of the coccyx.
Luxury, expectation of life uninfluenced by.
Lycaena, sexual differences of colour in species of.
Lycaenae, colours of.
Lyell, Sir C., on the antiquity of man; on the origin of man; on the parallelism of the development of species and languages; on the extinction of languages; on the Inquisition; on the fossil remains of vertebrata; on the fertility of mulattoes.
Lynx, Canadian throat-ruff of the.
Lyre-bird, assemblies of.
Macacus, ears of; convoluted body in the extremity of the tail of; variability of the tail in species of; whiskers of species of.
Macacus brunneus.
Macacus cynomolgus, superciliary ridge of; beard and whiskers of; becoming white with age.
Macacus ecaudatus.
Macacus lasiotus, facial spots of.
Macacus nemestrinus.
Macacus radiatus.
Macacus rhesus, sexual difference in the colour of.
Macalister, Prof., on variations of the palmaris accessorius muscle; on muscular abnormalities in man; on the greater variability of the muscles in men than in women.
Macaws, Mr. Buxton’s observations on.
McCann, J., on mental individuality.
McClelland, J., on the Indian Cyprinidae.
Macculloch, Col., on an Indian village without any female children.
Macculloch, Dr., on tertian ague in a dog.
Macgillivray, W., on the vocal organs of birds; on the Egyptian goose; on the habits of woodpeckers; on the habits of the snipe; on the whitethroat; on the moulting of the snipes; on the moulting of the Anatidae; on the finding of new mates by magpies; on the pairing of a blackbird and thrush; on pied ravens; on the guillemots; on the colours of the tits; on the immature plumage of birds.
Machetes, sexes and young of.
Machetes pugnax, supposed to be polygamous; numerical proportion of the sexes in; pugnacity of the male; double moult in.
McIntosh, Dr., colours of the Nemertians.
McKennan, marriage customs of Koraks.
Mackintosh, on the moral sense.
MacLachlan, R., on Apatania muliebris and Boreus hyemalis; on the anal appendages of male insects; on the pairing of dragon-flies; on dragon-flies; on dimorphism in Agrion; on the want of pugnacity in male dragon-flies; colour of ghost-moth in the Shetland Islands.
M’Lennan, Mr., on infanticide; on the origin of the belief in spiritual agencies; on the prevalence of licentiousness among savages; on the primitive barbarism of civilised nations; on traces of the custom of the forcible capture of wives; on polyandry.
Macnamara, Mr., susceptibility of Andaman islanders and Nepalese to change.
M’Neill, Mr., on the use of the antlers of deer; on the Scotch deerhound; on the long hairs on the throat of the stag; on the bellowing of stags.
Macropus, courtship of.
Macrorhinus proboscideus, structure of the nose of.
Magpie, power of speech of; vocal organs of the; nuptial assemblies of; new mates found by; stealing bright objects; young of the; coloration of the.
Maillard, M., on the proportion of the sexes in a species of Papilio from Bourbon.
Maine, Sir Henry, on the absorption of one tribe by another; a desire for improvement not general.
Major, Dr. C. Forsyth, on fossil Italian apes; skull of Bos etruscus; tusks of miocene pigs.
Makalolo, perforation of the upper lip by the.
Malar bone, abnormal division of, in man.
Malay Archipelago, marriage-customs of the savages of the.
Malays, line of separation between the Papuans and the; general beardlessness of the; staining of the teeth among; aversion of some, to hairs on the face.
Malays and Papuans, contrasted characters of.
Male animals, struggles of, for the possession of the females; eagerness of, in courtship; generally more modified than female; differ in the same way from females and young.
Male characters, developed in females; transfer of, to female birds.
Male, sedentary, of a hymenopterous parasite.
Malefactors.
Males, presence of rudimentary female organs in.
Males and females, comparative numbers of; comparative mortality of, while young.
Malherbe, on the woodpeckers.
Mallotus Peronii.
Mallotus villosus.
Malthus, T., on the rate of increase of population.
Maluridae, nidification of the.
Malurus, young of.
Mammae, rudimentary, in male mammals; supernumerary, in women; of male human subject.
Mammalia, Prof. Owen’s classification of; genealogy of the.
Mammals, recent and tertiary, comparison of cranial capacity of; nipples of; pursuit of female, by the males; secondary sexual characters of; weapons of; relative size of the sexes of; parallelism of, with birds in secondary sexual characters; voices of, used especially during the breeding season.
Man, variability of; erroneously regarded as more domesticated than other animals; migrations of; wide distribution of; causes of the nakedness of; supposed physical inferiority of; a member of the Catarrhine group; early progenitors of; transition from ape indefinite; numerical proportions of the sexes in; difference between the sexes; proportion of sexes amongst the illegitimate; different complexion of male and female negroes; secondary sexual characters of; primeval condition of.
Mandans, correlation of colour and texture of hair in the.
Mandible, left, enlarged in the male of Taphroderes distortus.
Mandibles, use of the, in Ammophila; large, of Corydalis cornutus; large, of male Lucanus elaphus.
Mandrill, number of caudal vertebrae in the; colours of the male.
Mantegazza, Prof., on last molar teeth of man; bright colours in male animals; on the ornaments of savages; on the beardlessness of the New Zealanders; on the exaggeration of natural characters by man.
Mantell, W., on the engrossment of pretty girls by the New Zealand chiefs.
Mantis, pugnacity of species of.
Maories, mortality of; infanticide and proportion of sexes; distaste for hairiness amongst men.
Marcus Aurelius, on the origin of the moral sense; on the influence of habitual thoughts.
Mareca penelope.
Marks, retained throughout groups of birds.
Marriage, restraints upon, among savages; influence of, upon morals; influence of, on mortality; development of.
Marriages, early; communal.
Marshall, Dr. W., protuberances on birds’ heads; on the moulting of birds; advantage to older birds of paradise.
Marshall, Col., interbreeding amongst Todas; infanticide and proportion of sexes with Todas; choice of husband amongst Todas.
Marshall, Mr., on the brain of a Bushwoman.
Marsupials, development of the nictitating membrane in; uterus of; possession of nipples by; their origin from Monotremata; abdominal sacs of; relative size of the sexes of; colours of.
Marsupium, rudimentary in male marsupials.
Martin, W.C.L., on alarm manifested by an orang at the sight of a turtle; on the hair in Hylobates; on a female American deer; on the voice of Hylobates agilis; on Semnopithecus nemaeus.
Martin, on the beards of the inhabitants of St. Kilda.
Martins deserting their young.
Martins, C., on death caused by inflammation of the vermiform appendage.
Mastoid processes in man and apes.
Maudsley, Dr., on the influence of the sense of smell in man; on idiots smelling their food; on Laura Bridgman; on the development of the vocal organs; moral sense failing in incipient madness; change of mental faculties at puberty in man.
Mayers, W.F., on the domestication of the goldfish in China.
Mayhew, E., on the affection between individuals of different sexes in the dog.
Maynard, C.J., on the sexes of Chrysemys picta.
Meckel, on correlated variation of the muscles of the arm and leg.
Medicines, effect produced by, the same in man and in monkeys.
Medusae, bright colours of some.
Megalithic structures, prevalence of.
Megapicus validus, sexual difference of colour in.
Megasoma, large size of males of.
Meigs, Dr. A., on variation in the skulls of the natives of America.
Meinecke, on the numerical proportion of the sexes in butterflies.
Melanesians, decrease of.
Meldola, Mr., colours and marriage flight of Colias and Pieris.
Meliphagidae, Australian, nidification of.
Melita, secondary sexual characters of.
Meloe, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of.
Memnon, young.
Memory, manifestations of, in animals.
Mental characters, difference of, in different races of men.
Mental faculties, diversity of, in the same race of men; inheritance of; variation of, in the same species; similarity of the, in different races of man; of birds.
Mental powers, difference of, in the two sexes in man.
Menura Alberti, song of.
Menura superba, long tails of both sexes of.
Merganser, trachea of the male.
Merganser serrator, male plumage of.
Mergus cucullatus, speculum of.
Mergus merganser, young of.
Metallura, splendid tail-feathers of.
Methoca ichneumonides, large male of.
Meves, M., on the drumming of the snipe.
Mexicans, civilisation of the, not foreign.
Meyer, on a convoluted body at the extremity of the tail in a Macacus and a cat.
Meyer, Dr. A., on the copulation of Phryganidae of distinct species.
Meyer, Prof. L., on development of helix of ear; men’s ears more variable than women’s; antennae serving as ears.
Migrations of man, effects of.
Migratory instinct of birds; vanquishing the maternal.
Mill, J.S., on the origin of the moral sense; on the “greatest happiness principle;” on the difference of the mental powers in the sexes of man.
Millipedes.
Milne-Edwards, H., on the use of enlarged chelae of the male Gelasimus.
Milvago leucurus, sexes and young of.
Mimicry.
Mimus polyglottus.
Mind, difference of, in man and the highest animals; similarity of the, in different races.
Minnow, proportion of the sexes in the.
Mirror, behaviour of monkeys before.
Mirrors, larks attracted by.
Mitchell, Dr., interbreeding in the Hebrides.
Mitford, selection of children in Sparta.
Mivart, St. George, on the reduction of organs; on the ears of the lemuroidea; on variability of the muscles in lemuroidea; on the caudal vertebrae of monkeys; on the classification of the primates; on the orang and on man; on differences in the lemuroidea; on the crest of the male newt.
Mobius, Prof., on reasoning powers in a pike.
Mocking-thrush, partial migration of; young of the.
Modifications, unserviceable.
Moggridge, J.T., on habits of spiders; on habits of ants.
Moles, numerical proportion of the sexes in; battles of male.
Mollienesia petenensis, sexual difference in.
Mollusca, beautiful colours and shapes of; absence of secondary sexual characters in the.
Molluscoida.
Monacanthus scopas and M. Peronii.
Monboddo, Lord, on music.
Mongolians, perfection of the senses in.
Monkey, protecting his keeper from a baboon; bonnet-; rhesus-, sexual difference in colour of the; moustache-, colours of the.
Monkeys, liability of, to the same diseases as man; male, recognition of women by; diversity of the mental faculties in; breaking hard fruits with stones; hands of the; basal caudal vertebrae of, imbedded in the body; revenge taken by; maternal affection in; variability of the faculty of attention in; American, manifestation of reason in; using stones and sticks; imitative faculties of; signal-cries of; mutual kindnesses of; sentinels posted by; human characters of; American, direction of the hair on the arms of some; gradation of species of; beards of; ornamental characters of; analogy of sexual differences of, with those of man; different degrees of difference in the sexes of; expression of emotions by; generally monogamous habits of; polygamous habits of some; naked surfaces of; courtship of.
Monogamy, not primitive.
Monogenists.
Mononychus pseudacori, stridulation of.
Monotremata, development of the nictitating membrane in; lactiferous glands of; connecting mammals with reptiles.
Monstrosities, analogous, in man and lower animals; caused by arrest of development; correlation of; transmission of.
Montagu, G., on the habits of the black and red grouse; on the pugnacity of the ruff; on the singing of birds; on the double moult of the male pintail.
Monteiro, Mr., on Bucorax abyssinicus.
Montes de Oca, M., on the pugnacity of male Humming-birds.
Monticola cyanea.
Monuments, as traces of extinct tribes.
Moose, battles of; horns of the, an incumbrance.
Moral and instinctive impulses, alliance of.
Moral faculties, their influence on natural selection in man.
Moral rules, distinction between the higher and lower.
Moral sense, so-called, derived from the social instincts; origin of the.
Moral tendencies, inheritance of.
Morality, supposed to be founded in selfishness; test of, the general welfare of the community; gradual rise of; influence of a high standard of.
Morgan, L.H., on the beaver; on the reasoning powers of the beaver; on the forcible capture of wives; on the castoreum of the beaver; marriage unknown in primeval times; on polyandry.
Morley, J., on the appreciation of praise and fear of blame.
Morris, F.O., on hawks feeding an orphan nestling.
Morse, Dr., colours of mollusca.
Morselli, E., division of the malar bone.
Mortality, comparative, of female and male.
Morton on the number of species of man.
Moschkau, Dr. A., on a speaking starling.
Moschus moschiferus, odoriferous organs of.
Motacillae, Indian, young of.
Moth, odoriferous.
Moths, absence of mouth in some males; apterous female; male, prehensile use of the tarsi by; male, attracted by females; sound produced by; coloration of; sexual differences of colour in.
Motmot, inheritance of mutilation of tail feathers; racket-shaped feathers in the tail of a.
Moult, double; double annual, in birds.
Moulting of birds.
Moults, partial.
Mouse, song of.
Moustache-monkey, colours of the.
Moustaches, in monkeys.
Mud-turtle, long claws of the male.
Mulattoes, persistent fertility of; immunity of, from yellow fever.
Mule, sterility and strong vitality of the.
Mules, rational.
Muller, Ferd., on the Mexicans and Peruvians.
Muller, Fritz, on astomatous males of Tanais; on the disappearance of spots and stripes in adult mammals; on the proportions of the sexes in some Crustacea; on secondary sexual characters in various Crustaceans; musical contest between male Cicadae; mode of holding wings in Castina; on birds shewing a preference for certain colours; on the sexual maturity of young amphipod Crustacea.
Muller, Hermann, emergence of bees, from pupa; pollen-gathering of bees; proportion of sexes in bees; courting of Eristalis; colour and sexual selection with bees.
Muller, J., on the nictitating membrane and semilunar fold.
Muller, Max, on the origin of language; language implies power of general conception; struggle for life among the words, etc., of languages.
Muller, S., on the banteng; on the colours of Semnopithecus chrysomelas.
Muntjac-deer, weapons of the.
Murie, J., on the reduction of organs; on the ears of the Lemuroidea; on variability of the muscles in the Lemuroidea; basal caudal vertebrae of Macacus brunneus imbedded in the body; on the manner of sitting in short-tailed apes; on differences in the Lemuroidea; on the throat-pouch of the male bustard; on the mane of Otaria jubata; on the sub-orbital pits of Ruminants; on the colours of the sexes in Otaria nigrescens.
Murray, A., on the Pediculi of different races of men.
Murray, T.A., on the fertility of Australian women with white men.
Mus coninga.
Mus minutus, sexual difference in the colour of.
Musca vomitoria.
Muscicapa grisola.
Muscicapa luctuosa.
Muscicapa ruticilla, breeding in immature plumage.
Muscle, ischio-pubic.
Muscles, rudimentary, occurrence of, in man; variability of the; effects of use and disuse upon; animal-like abnormalities of, in man; correlated variation of, in the arm and leg; variability of, in the hands and feet; of the jaws, influence of, on the physiognomy of the Apes; habitual spasms of, causing modifications of the facial bones, of the early progenitors of man; greater variability of the, in men than in women.
Musculus sternalis, Prof. Turner on the.
Music, of birds; discordant, love of savages for; reason of power of perception of notes in animals; power of distinguishing notes; its connection with primeval speech; different appreciation of, by different peoples; origin of; effects of.
Musical cadences, perception of, by animals; powers of man.
Musk-deer, canine teeth of male; male, odoriferous organs of the; winter change of the.
Musk-duck, Australian; large size of male; of Guiana, pugnacity of the male.
Musk-ox, horns of.
Musk-rat, protective resemblance of the, to a clod of earth.
Musophagae, colours and nidification of the; both sexes of, equally brilliant.
Mussels opened by monkeys.
Mustela, winter change of two species of.
Musters, Captain, on Rhea Darwinii; marriages amongst Patagonians.
Mutilations, healing of; inheritance of.
Mutilla europaea, stridulation of.
Mutillidae, absence of ocelli in female.
Mycetes caraya, polygamous; vocal organs of; beard of; sexual differences of colour in; voice of.
Mycetes seniculus, sexual differences of colour in.
Myriapoda.
Nageli, on the influence of natural selection on plants; on the gradation of species of plants.
Nails, coloured yellow or purple in part of Africa.
Narwhal, tusks of the.
Nasal cavities, large size of, in American aborigines.
Nascent organs.
Nathusius, H. von, on the improved breeds of pigs; male domesticated animals more variable than females; horns of castrated sheep; on the breeding of domestic animals.
Natural selection, its effects on the early progenitors of man; influence of, on man; limitation of the principle; influence of, on social animals; Mr. Wallace on the limitation of, by the influence of the mental faculties in man; influence of, in the progress of the United States; in relation to sex.
Natural and sexual selection contrasted.
Naulette, jaw from, large size of the canines in.
Neanderthal skull, capacity of the.
Neck, proportion of, in soldiers and sailors.
Necrophorus, stridulation of.
Nectarinia, young of.
Nectariniae, moulting of the; nidification of.
Negro, resemblance of a, to Europeans in mental characters.
Negro-women, their kindness to Mungo Park.
Negroes, Caucasian features in; character of; lice of; fertility of, when crossed with other races; blackness of; variability of; immunity of, from yellow fever; difference of, from Americans; disfigurements of the; colour of new-born children of; comparative beardlessness of; readily become musicians; appreciation of beauty of their women by; idea of beauty among; compression of the nose by some.
Nemertians, colours of.
Neolithic period.
Neomorpha, sexual difference of the beak in.
Nephila, size of male.
Nests, made by fishes; decoration of, by Humming-birds.
Neumeister, on a change of colour in pigeons after several moultings.
Neuration, difference of, in the two sexes of some butterflies and hymenoptera.
Neuroptera.
Neurothemis, dimorphism in.
New Zealand, expectation by the natives of, of their extinction; practice of tattooing in; aversion of natives of, to hairs on the face; pretty girls engrossed by the chiefs in.
Newton, A., on the throat-pouch of the male bustard; on the differences between the females of two species of Oxynotus; on the habits of the Phalarope, dotterel, and godwit.
Newts.
Nicholson, Dr., on the non-immunity of dark Europeans from yellow fever.
Nictitating membrane.
Nidification of fishes; relation of, to colour; of British birds.
Night-heron, cries of the.
Nightingale, arrival of the male before the female; object of the song of the.
Nightingales, new mates found by.
Nightjar, selection of a mate by the female; Australian, sexes of; coloration of the.
Nightjars, noise made by some male, with their wings; elongated feathers in.
Nilghau, sexual differences of colour in the.
Nilsson, Prof., on the resemblance of stone arrow-heads from various places; on the development of the horns of the reindeer.
Nipples, absence of, in Monotremata.
Nitsche, Dr., ear of foetal orang.
Nitzsch, C.L., on the down of birds.
Noctuae, brightly-coloured beneath.
Noctuidae, coloration of.
Nomadic habits, unfavourable to human progress.
Nordmann, A., on Tetrao urogalloides.
Norfolk Island, half-breeds on.
Norway, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Nose, resemblance of, in man and the apes; piercing and ornamentation of the; very flat, not admired in negroes; flattening of the.
Nott and Gliddon, on the features of Rameses II.; on the features of Amunoph III.; on skulls from Brazilian caves; on the immunity of negroes and mulattoes from yellow fever; on the deformation of the skull among American tribes.
Novara, voyage of the, suicide in New Zealand.
Nudibranch Mollusca, bright colours of.
Numerals, Roman.
Nunemaya, natives of, bearded.
Nuthatch, of Japan, intelligence of; Indian.
Obedience, value of.
Observation, powers of, possessed by birds.
Occupations, sometimes a cause of diminished stature; effect of, upon the proportions of the body.
Ocelli, absence of, in female Mutilidae.
Ocelli of birds, formation and variability of the.
Ocelot, sexual differences in the colouring of the.
Ocyhaps lophotes.
Odonata.
Odonestis potatoria, sexual difference of colour in.
Odour, correlation of, with colour of skin; of moths; emitted by snakes in the breeding season; of mammals.
Oecanthus nivalis, difference of colour in the sexes of.
Oecanthus pellucidus.
Ogle, Dr. W., relation between colour and power of smell.
Oidemia.
Oliver, on sounds produced by Pimelia striata.
Omaloplia brunnea, stridulation of.
Onitis furcifer, processes of anterior femora of the male, and on the head and thorax of the female.
Onthophagus.
Onthophagus rangifer, sexual differences of; variations in the horns of the male.
Ophidia, sexual differences of.
Ophidium.
Opossum, wide range of, in America.
Optic nerve, atrophy of the, caused by destruction of the eye.
Orang-Outan, Bischoff on the agreement of the brain of the, with that of man; adult age of the; ears of the; vermiform appendage of; hands of the; absence of mastoid processes in the; platforms built by the; alarmed at the sight of a turtle; using a stick as a lever; using missiles; using the leaves of the Pandanus as a night covering; direction of the hair on the arms of the; its aberrant characters; supposed evolution of the; voice of the; monogamous habits of the; male, beard of the.
Oranges, treatment of, by monkeys.
Orange-tip butterfly.
Orchestia Darwinii, dimorphism of males of.
Orchestia Tucuratinga, limbs of.
Ordeal, trial by.
Oreas canna, colours of.
Oreas Derbianus, colours of.
Organs, prehensile; utilised for new purposes.
Organic scale, von Baer’s definition of progress in.
Orioles, nidification of.
Oriolus, species of, breeding in immature plumage.
Oriolus melanocephalus, coloration of the sexes in.
Ornaments, prevalence of similar; of male birds; fondness of savages for.
Ornamental characters, equal transmission of, to both sexes, in mammals; of monkeys.
Ornithoptera croesus.
Ornithorhynchus, reptilian tendency of; spur of the male.
Orocetes erythrogastra, young of.
Orrony, Grotto of.
Orsodacna atra, difference of colour in the sexes of.
Orsodacna ruficollis.
Orthoptera, metamorphosis of; stridulating apparatus of; colours of; rudimentary stridulating organs in female; stridulation of the, and Homoptera, discussed.
Ortygornis gularis, pugnacity of the male.
Oryctes, stridulation of; sexual differences in the stridulant organs of.
Oryx leucoryx, use of the horns of.
Osphranter rufus, sexual difference in the colour of.
Ostrich, African, sexes and incubation of the.
Ostriches, stripes of young.
Otaria jubata, mane of the male.
Otaria nigrescens, difference in the coloration of the sexes of.
Otis bengalensis, love-antics of the male.
Otis tarda, throat-pouch of the male; polygamous.
Ouzel, ring-, colours and nidification of the.
Ouzel, water-, singing in the autumn; colours and nidification of the.
Ovibos moschatus, horns of.
Ovipositor of insects.
Ovis cycloceros, mode of fighting of.
Ovule of man.
Owen, Prof., on the Corpora Wolffiana; on the great toe in man; on the nictitating membrane and semilunar fold; on the development of the posterior molars in different races of man; on the length of the caecum in the Koala; on the coccygeal vertebrae; on rudimentary structures belonging to the reproductive system; on abnormal conditions of the human uterus; on the number of digits in the Ichthyopterygia; on the canine teeth in man; on the walking of the chimpanzee and orang; on the mastoid processes in the higher apes; on the hairiness of elephants in elevated districts; on the caudal vertebrae of monkeys; classification of mammalia; on the hair in monkeys; on the piscine affinities of the Ichthyosaurians; on polygamy and monogamy among the antelopes; on the horns of Antilocapra Americana; on the musky odour of crocodiles during the breeding season; on the scent-glands of snakes; on the Dugong, Cachalot, and Ornithorhynchus; on the antlers of the red deer; on the dentition of the Camelidae; on the horns of the Irish elk; on the voice of the giraffe, porcupine, and stag; on the laryngeal sac of the gorilla and orang; on the odoriferous glands of mammals; on the effects of emasculation on the vocal organs of men; on the voice of Hylobates agilis; on American monogamous monkeys.
Owls, white, new mates found by.
Oxynotus, difference of the females of two species of.
Pachydermata.
Pachytylus migratorius.
Paget, on the abnormal development of hairs in man; on the thickness of the skin on the soles of the feet of infants.
Pagurus, carrying the female.
Painting, pleasure of savages in.
Palaemon, chelae of a species of.
Palaeornis, sexual differences of colour in.
Palaeornis javanicus, colour of beak of.
Palaeornis rosa, young of.
Palamedea cornuta, spurs on the wings.
Paleolithic period.
Palestine, habits of the chaffinch in.
Pallas, on the perfection of the senses in the Mongolians; on the want of connexion between climate and the colour of the skin; on the polygamous habits of Antilope Saiga; on the lighter colour of horses and cattle in winter in Siberia; on the tusks of the musk-deer; on the odoriferous glands of mammals; on the odoriferous glands of the musk-deer; on winter changes of colour in mammals; on the ideal of female beauty in North China.
Palmaris accessorius, muscle variations of the.
Pampas, horses of the.
Pangenesis, hypothesis of.
Panniculus carnosus.
Pansch, on the brain of a foetal Cebus apella.
Papilio, proportion of the sexes in North American species of; sexual differences of colouring in species of; coloration of the wings in species of.
Papilio ascanius.
Papilio Sesostris and Childrenae, variability of.
Papilio Turnus.
Papilionidae, variability in the.
Papuans, line of separation between the, and the Malays; beards of the; teeth of.
Papuans and Malays, contrast in characters of.
Paradise, Birds of; supposed by Lesson to be polygamous; rattling of their quills by; racket-shaped feathers in; sexual differences in colour of; decomposed feathers in; display of plumage by the male; sexual differences in colour of.
Paradisea apoda, barbless feathers in the tail of; plumage of; and P. papuana; divergence of the females of; increase of beauty with age.
Paradisea papuana, plumage of.
Paraguay, Indians of, eradication of eyebrows and eyelashes by.
Parallelism of development of species and languages.
Parasites, on man and animals; as evidence of specific identity or distinctness; immunity from, correlated with colour.
Parental feeling in earwigs, starfishes, and spiders; affection, partly a result of natural selection.
Parents, age of, influence upon sex of offspring.
Parinae, sexual difference of colour in.
Park, Mungo, negro-women teaching their children to love the truth; his treatment by the negro-women; on negro opinions of the appearance of white men.
Parker, Mr., no bird or reptile in line of mammalian descent.
Parrakeet, young of; Australian, variation in the colour of the thighs of a male.
Parrot, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of a; instance of benevolence in a.
Parrots, change of colour in; imitative faculties of; living in triplets; affection of; colours and nidification of the; immature plumage of the; colours of; sexual differences of colour in; musical powers of.
Parthenogenesis in the Tenthredinae; in Cynipidae; in Crustacea.
Partridge, monogamous; proportion of the sexes in the; Indian; female.
Partridge-“dances.”
Partridges, living in triplets; spring coveys of male; distinguishing persons.
Parus coeruleus.
Passer, sexes and young of.
Passer brachydactylus.
Passer domesticus.
Passer montanus.
Patagonians, self-sacrifice by; marriages of.
Patterson, Mr., on the Agrionidae.
Patteson, Bishop, decrease of Melanesians.
Paulistas of Brazil.
Pavo cristatus.
Pavo muticus, possession of spurs by the female.
Pavo nigripennis.
Payaguas Indians, thin legs and thick arms of the.
Payan, Mr., on the proportion of the sexes in sheep.
Peacock, polygamous; sexual characters of; pugnacity of the; Javan, possessing spurs; rattling of the quills by; elongated tail-coverts of the; love of display of the; ocellated spots of the; inconvenience of long tail of the, to the female; continued increase of beauty of the.
Peacock-butterfly.
Peafowl, preference of females for a particular male; first advances made by the female.
Pediculi of domestic animals and man.
Pedigree of man.
Pedionomus torquatus, sexes of.
Peel, J., on horned sheep.
Peewit, wing-tubercles of the male.
Pelagic animals, transparency of.
Pelecanus erythrorhynchus, horny crest on the beak of the male, during the breeding season.
Pelecanus onocrotalus, spring plumage of.
Pelele, an African ornament.
Pelican, blind, fed by his companions; young, guided by old birds; pugnacity of the male.
Pelicans, fishing in concert.
Pelobius Hermanni, stridulation of.
Pelvis, alteration of, to suit the erect attitude of man; differences of the, in the sexes of man.
Penelope nigra, sound produced by the male.
Pennant, on the battles of seals; on the bladder-nose seal.
Penthe, antennal cushions of the male.
Perch, brightness of male, during breeding season.
Peregrine falcon, new mate found by.
Period of variability, relation of, to sexual selection.
Periodicity, vital, Dr. Laycock on.
Periods, lunar, followed by functions in man and animals.
Periods of life, inheritance at corresponding.
Perisoreus canadensis, young of.
Peritrichia, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of.
Periwinkle.
Pernis cristata.
Perrier, M., on sexual selection; on bees.
Perseverance, a characteristic of man.
Persians, said to be improved by intermixture with Georgians and Circassians.
Personnat, M., on Bombyx Yamamai.
Peruvians, civilisation of the, not foreign.
Petrels, colours of.
Petrocincla cyanea, young of.
Petrocossyphus.
Petronia.
Pfeiffer, Ida, on Javan ideas of beauty.
Phacochoerus aethiopicus, tusks and pads of.
Phalanger, Vulpine, black varieties of the.
Phalaropus fulicarius.
Phalaropus hyperboreus.
Phanaeus.
Phanaeus carnifex, variation of the horns of the male.
Phanaeus faunus, sexual differences of.
Phanaeus lancifer.
Phaseolarctus cinereus, taste for rum and tobacco.
Phasgonura viridissima, stridulation of.
Phasianus Soemmerringii.
Phasianus versicolor.
Phasianus Wallichii.
Pheasant, polygamous; and black grouse, hybrids of; production of hybrids with the common fowl; immature plumage of the.
Pheasant, Amherst, display of.
Pheasant, Argus, display of plumage by the male; ocellated spots of the; gradation of characters in the.
Pheasant, Blood- Pheasant, Cheer.
Pheasant, Eared, length of the tail in the; sexes alike in the.
Pheasant, Fire-backed, possessing spurs.
Pheasant, Golden, display of plumage by the male; age of mature plumage in the; sex of young, ascertained by pulling out head-feathers.
Pheasant, Kalij, drumming of the male.
Pheasant, Reeve’s, length of the tail in.
Pheasant, Silver, triumphant male, deposed on account of spoiled plumage; sexual coloration of the.
Pheasant, Soemmerring’s.
Pheasant, Tragopan, display of plumage by the male; marking of the sexes of the.
Pheasants, period of acquisition of male characters in the family of the; proportion of sexes in chicks of; length of the tail in.
Philters, worn by women.
Phoca groenlandica, sexual difference in the coloration of.
Phoenicura ruticilla.
Phosphorescence of insects.
Phryganidae, copulation of distinct species of.
Phryniscus nigricans.
Physical inferiority, supposed, of man.
Pickering, on the number of species of man.
Picton, J.A., on the soul of man.
Picus auratus.
Picus major.
Pieris.
Pigeon, female, deserting a weakened mate; carrier, late development of the wattle in; pouter, late development of crop in; domestic, breeds and sub-breeds of.
Pigeons, nestling, fed by the secretion of the crop of both parents;
changes of plumage in; transmission of sexual peculiarities in; Belgian, with black-streaked males; changing colour after several moultings; numerical proportion of the sexes in; cooing of; variations in plumage of; display of plumage by male; local memory of; antipathy of female, to certain males; pairing of; profligate male and female; wing-bars and tail-feathers of; supposititious breed of; pouter and carrier, peculiarities of, predominant in males; nidification of; Australian; immature plumage of the.
Pigs, origin of the improved breeds of; numerical proportion of the sexes in; stripes of young; tusks of miocene; sexual preference shewn by.
Pike, American, brilliant colours of the male, during the breeding season.
Pike, reasoning powers of; male, devoured by females.
Pike, L.O., on the psychical elements of religion.
Pimelia striata, sounds produced by the female.
Pinel, hairiness in idiots.
Pintail, drake, plumage of; pairing with a wild duck.
Pintail Duck, pairing with a widgeon.
Pipe-fish, filamentous; marsupial receptacles of the male.
Pipits, moulting of the.
Pipra, modified secondary wing-feathers of male.
Pipra deliciosa.
Pirates stridulus, stridulation of.
Pitcairn island, half-breeds on.
Pithecia leucocephala, sexual differences of colour in.
Pithecia Satanas, beard of; resemblance of, to a negro.
Pits, suborbital, of Ruminants.
Pittidae, nidification of.
Placentata.
Plagiostomous fishes.
Plain-wanderer, Australian.
Planariae, bright colours of some.
Plantain-eaters, colours and nidification of the; both sexes of, equally brilliant.
Plants, cultivated, more fertile than wild; Nageli, on natural selection in; male flowers of, mature before the female; phenomena of fertilisation in.
Platalea, change of plumage in.
Platyblemus.
Platycercus, young of.
Platyphyllum concavum.
Platyrrhine monkeys.
Platysma myoides.
Plecostomus, head-tentacles of the males of a species of.
Plecostomus barbatus, peculiar beard of the male.
Plectropterus gambensis, spurred wings of.
Ploceus.
Plovers, wing-spurs of; double moult in.
Plumage, changes of, inheritance of, by fowls; tendency to analogous variation in; display of, by male birds; changes of, in relation to season; immature, of birds; colour of, in relation to protection.
Plumes on the head in birds, difference of, in the sexes.
Pneumora, structure of.
Podica, sexual difference in the colour of the irides.
Poeppig, on the contact of civilised and savage races.
Poison, avoidance of, by animals.
Poisonous fruits and herbs avoided by animals.
Poisons, immunity from, correlated with colour.
Polish fowls, origin of the crest in.
Pollen and van Dam, on the colours of Lemur macaco.
Polyandry, in certain Cyprinidae; among the Elateridae.
Polydactylism in man.
Polygamy, influence of, upon sexual selection; superinduced by domestication; supposed increase of female births by. In the stickleback.
Polygenists.
Polynesia, prevalence of infanticide in.
Polynesians, wide geographical range of; difference of stature among the; crosses of; variability of; heterogeneity of the; aversion of, to hairs on the face.
Polyplectron, number of spurs in; display of plumage by the male; gradation of characters in; female of.
Polyplectron chinquis.
Polyplectron Hardwickii.
Polyplectron malaccense.
Polyplectron Napoleonis.
Polyzoa.
Pomotis.
Pontoporeia affinis.
Porcupine, mute, except in the rutting season.
Pores, excretory, numerical relation of, to the hairs in sheep.
Porpitae, bright colours of some.
Portax picta, dorsal crest and throat-tuft of; sexual differences of colour in.
Portunus puber, pugnacity of.
Potamochoerus pencillatus, tusks and facial knobs of the.
Pouchet, G., the relation of instinct to intelligence; on the instincts of ants; on the caves of Abou-Simbel; on the immunity of negroes from yellow fever; change of colour in fishes.
Pouter pigeon, late development of the large crop in.
Powell, Dr., on stridulation.
Power, Dr., on the different colours of the sexes in a species of Squilla.
Powys, Mr., on the habits of the chaffinch in Corfu.
Pre-eminence of man.
Preference for males by female birds; shewn by mammals, in pairing.
Prehensile organs.
Presbytis entellus, fighting of the male.
Preyer, Dr., on function of shell of ear; on supernumerary mammae in women.
Prichard, on the difference of stature among the Polynesians; on the connection between the breadth of the skull in the Mongolians and the perfection of their senses; on the capacity of British skulls of different ages; on the flattened heads of the Colombian savages; on Siamese notions of beauty; on the beardlessness of the Siamese; on the deformation of the head among American tribes and the natives of Arakhan.
Primary sexual organs.
Primates, sexual differences of colour in.
Primogeniture, evils of.
Prionidae, difference of the sexes in colour.
Proctotretus multimaculatus.
Proctotretus tenuis, sexual difference in the colour of.
Profligacy.
Progenitors, early, of man.
Progress, not the normal rule in human society; elements of.
Prong-horn antelope, horns of.
Proportions, difference of, in distinct races.
Protective colouring in butterflies; in lizards; in birds; in mammals.
Protective nature of the dull colouring of female Lepidoptera.
Protective resemblances in fishes.
Protozoa, absence of secondary sexual characters in.
Pruner-Bey, on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man; on the colour of negro infants.
Prussia, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Psocus, proportions of the sexes in.
Ptarmigan, monogamous; summer and winter plumage of the; nuptial assemblages of; triple moult of the; protective coloration of.
Puff-birds, colours and nidification of the.
Pugnacity of fine-plumaged male birds.
Pumas, stripes of young.
Puppies learning from cats to clean their faces.
Pycnonotus haemorrhous, pugnacity of the male; display of under-tail coverts by the male.
Pyranga aestiva, male aiding in incubation; male characters in female of.
Pyrodes, difference of the sexes in colour.
Quadrumana, hands of; differences between man and the; sexual differences of colour in; ornamental characters of; analogy of sexual differences of, with those of man; fighting of males for the females; monogamous habits of; beards of the.
Quain, R., on the variation of the muscles in man.
Quatrefages, A. de, on the occurrence of a rudimentary tail in man; on variability; on the moral sense as a distinction between man and animals; civilised men stronger than savages; on the fertility of Australian women with white men; on the Paulistas of Brazil; on the evolution of the breeds of cattle; on the Jews; on the liability of negroes to tropical fevers after residence in a cold climate; on the difference between field-and house-slaves; on the influence of climate on colour; colours of annelids; on the Ainos; on the women of San Giuliano.
Quechua, see Quichua.
Querquedula acuta.
Quetelet, proportion of sexes in man; relative size in man and woman.
Quichua Indians; local variation of colour in the; no grey hair among the; hairlessness of the; long hair of the.
Quiscalus major, proportions of the sexes of, in Florida and Honduras.
Rabbit, white tail of the.
Rabbits, domestic, elongation of the skull in; modification of the skull in, by the lopping of the ear; danger-signals of; numerical proportion of the sexes in.
Races, distinctive characters of; or species of man; crossed, fertility or sterility of; of man, variability of the; of man, resemblance of, in mental characters; formation of; of man, extinction of; effects of the crossing of; of man, formation of the; of man, children of the; beardless, aversion of, to hairs on the face.
Raffles, Sir S., on the banteng.
Rafts, use of.
Rage, manifested by animals.
Raia batis, teeth of.
Raia clavata, female spined on the back; sexual difference in the teeth of.
Raia maculata, teeth of.
Rails, spur-winged.
Ram, mode of fighting of the; African, mane of an; fat-tailed.
Rameses II., features of.
Ramsay, Mr., on the Australian musk-duck; on the regent-bird; on the incubation of Menura superba.
Rana esculenta, vocal sacs of.
Rat, common, general dispersion of, a consequence of superior cunning; supplantation of the native in New Zealand, by the European rat; common, said to be polygamous; numerical proportion of the sexes in.
Rats, enticed by essential oils.
Rationality of birds.
Rattlesnakes, difference of the sexes in the; rattles as a call.
Raven, vocal organs of the; stealing bright objects; pied, of the Feroe Islands.
Rays, prehensile organs of male.
Razor-bill, young of the.
Reade, Winwood, suicide among savages in Africa; mulattoes not prolific; effect of castration of horned sheep; on the Guinea sheep; on the occurrence of a mane in an African ram; on singing of negroes; on the negroes’ appreciation of the beauty of their women; on the admiration of negroes for a black skin; on the idea of beauty among negroes; on the Jollofs; on the marriage-customs of the negroes.
Reason in animals.
Redstart, American, breeding in immature plumage.
Redstarts, new mates found by.
Reduvidae, stridulation of.
Reed-bunting, head-feathers of the male; attacked by a bullfinch.
Reefs, fishes frequenting.
Reeks, H., retention of horns by breeding deer; cow rejected by a bull; destruction of piebald rabbits by cats.
Regeneration, partial, of lost parts in man.
Regent bird.
Reindeer, horns of the; battles of; horns of the female; antlers of, with numerous points; winter change of the; sexual preferences shown by.
Relationship, terms of.
Religion, deficiency of among certain races; psychical elements of.
Remorse, deficiency of, among savages.
Rengger, on the diseases of Cebus Azarae; on the diversity of the mental faculties of monkeys; on the Payaguas Indians; on the inferiority of Europeans to savages in their senses; revenge taken by monkeys; on maternal affection in a Cebus; on the reasoning powers of American monkeys; on the use of stones by monkeys for cracking hard nuts; on the sounds uttered by Cebus Azarae; on the signal-cries of monkeys; on the polygamous habits of Mycetes caraya; on the voice of the howling monkeys; on the odour of Cervus campestris; on the beards of Mycetes caraya and Pithecia Satanas; on the colours of Felis mitis; on the colours of Cervus paludosus; on sexual differences of colour in Mycetes; on the colour of the infant Guaranys; on the early maturity of the female of Cebus Azarae; on the beards of the Guaranys; on the emotional notes employed by monkeys; on American polygamous monkeys.
